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在 Ubuntu 中安装 Nodejs
在 Ubuntu 中安装 Nodejs,并解决网络问题
![在 Ubuntu 中安装 Nodejs,并解决网络问题](/_astro/michael-myers-Ouk5pptpUxw-unsplash.DRqT62of.jpg)
官网步骤
# installs fnm (Fast Node Manager)
curl -fsSL https://fnm.vercel.app/install | bash
# download and install Node.js
fnm use --install-if-missing 20
# verifies the right Node.js version is in the environment
node -v # should print `v20.15.1`
# verifies the right npm version is in the environment
npm -v # should print `10.7.0`
问题解决
访问 https://fnm.vercel.app/install
会报错,因为 vercel.app
被墙,所以我们需要自己创建一个脚本文件,然后上传到服务上执行。
- 创建一个脚本文件
install.sh
#!/bin/bash
set -e
RELEASE="latest"
OS="$(uname -s)"
case "${OS}" in
MINGW* | Win*) OS="Windows" ;;
esac
if [ -d "$HOME/.fnm" ]; then
INSTALL_DIR="$HOME/.fnm"
elif [ -n "$XDG_DATA_HOME" ]; then
INSTALL_DIR="$XDG_DATA_HOME/fnm"
elif [ "$OS" = "Darwin" ]; then
INSTALL_DIR="$HOME/Library/Application Support/fnm"
else
INSTALL_DIR="$HOME/.local/share/fnm"
fi
# Parse Flags
parse_args() {
while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
key="$1"
case $key in
-d | --install-dir)
INSTALL_DIR="$2"
shift # past argument
shift # past value
;;
-s | --skip-shell)
SKIP_SHELL="true"
shift # past argument
;;
--force-install | --force-no-brew)
echo "\`--force-install\`: I hope you know what you're doing." >&2
FORCE_INSTALL="true"
shift
;;
-r | --release)
RELEASE="$2"
shift # past release argument
shift # past release value
;;
*)
echo "Unrecognized argument $key"
exit 1
;;
esac
done
}
set_filename() {
if [ "$OS" = "Linux" ]; then
# Based on https://stackoverflow.com/a/45125525
case "$(uname -m)" in
arm | armv7*)
FILENAME="fnm-arm32"
;;
aarch* | armv8*)
FILENAME="fnm-arm64"
;;
*)
FILENAME="fnm-linux"
esac
elif [ "$OS" = "Darwin" ] && [ "$FORCE_INSTALL" = "true" ]; then
FILENAME="fnm-macos"
USE_HOMEBREW="false"
echo "Downloading the latest fnm binary from GitHub..."
echo " Pro tip: it's easier to use Homebrew for managing fnm in macOS."
echo " Remove the \`--force-no-brew\` so it will be easy to upgrade."
elif [ "$OS" = "Darwin" ]; then
USE_HOMEBREW="true"
echo "Downloading fnm using Homebrew..."
elif [ "$OS" = "Windows" ] ; then
FILENAME="fnm-windows"
echo "Downloading the latest fnm binary from GitHub..."
else
echo "OS $OS is not supported."
echo "If you think that's a bug - please file an issue to https://github.com/Schniz/fnm/issues"
exit 1
fi
}
download_fnm() {
if [ "$USE_HOMEBREW" = "true" ]; then
brew install fnm
else
if [ "$RELEASE" = "latest" ]; then
URL="https://github.com/Schniz/fnm/releases/latest/download/$FILENAME.zip"
else
URL="https://github.com/Schniz/fnm/releases/download/$RELEASE/$FILENAME.zip"
fi
DOWNLOAD_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
echo "Downloading $URL..."
mkdir -p "$INSTALL_DIR" &>/dev/null
if ! curl --progress-bar --fail -L "$URL" -o "$DOWNLOAD_DIR/$FILENAME.zip"; then
echo "Download failed. Check that the release/filename are correct."
exit 1
fi
unzip -q "$DOWNLOAD_DIR/$FILENAME.zip" -d "$DOWNLOAD_DIR"
if [ -f "$DOWNLOAD_DIR/fnm" ]; then
mv "$DOWNLOAD_DIR/fnm" "$INSTALL_DIR/fnm"
else
mv "$DOWNLOAD_DIR/$FILENAME/fnm" "$INSTALL_DIR/fnm"
fi
chmod u+x "$INSTALL_DIR/fnm"
fi
}
check_dependencies() {
echo "Checking dependencies for the installation script..."
echo -n "Checking availability of curl... "
if hash curl 2>/dev/null; then
echo "OK!"
else
echo "Missing!"
SHOULD_EXIT="true"
fi
echo -n "Checking availability of unzip... "
if hash unzip 2>/dev/null; then
echo "OK!"
else
echo "Missing!"
SHOULD_EXIT="true"
fi
if [ "$USE_HOMEBREW" = "true" ]; then
echo -n "Checking availability of Homebrew (brew)... "
if hash brew 2>/dev/null; then
echo "OK!"
else
echo "Missing!"
SHOULD_EXIT="true"
fi
fi
if [ "$SHOULD_EXIT" = "true" ]; then
echo "Not installing fnm due to missing dependencies."
exit 1
fi
}
ensure_containing_dir_exists() {
local CONTAINING_DIR
CONTAINING_DIR="$(dirname "$1")"
if [ ! -d "$CONTAINING_DIR" ]; then
echo " >> Creating directory $CONTAINING_DIR"
mkdir -p "$CONTAINING_DIR"
fi
}
setup_shell() {
CURRENT_SHELL="$(basename "$SHELL")"
if [ "$CURRENT_SHELL" = "zsh" ]; then
CONF_FILE=${ZDOTDIR:-$HOME}/.zshrc
ensure_containing_dir_exists "$CONF_FILE"
echo "Installing for Zsh. Appending the following to $CONF_FILE:"
{
echo ''
echo '# fnm'
echo 'FNM_PATH="'"$INSTALL_DIR"'"'
echo 'if [ -d "$FNM_PATH" ]; then'
echo ' export PATH="'$INSTALL_DIR':$PATH"'
echo ' eval "`fnm env`"'
echo 'fi'
} | tee -a "$CONF_FILE"
elif [ "$CURRENT_SHELL" = "fish" ]; then
CONF_FILE=$HOME/.config/fish/conf.d/fnm.fish
ensure_containing_dir_exists "$CONF_FILE"
echo "Installing for Fish. Appending the following to $CONF_FILE:"
{
echo ''
echo '# fnm'
echo 'set FNM_PATH "'"$INSTALL_DIR"'"'
echo 'if [ -d "$FNM_PATH" ]'
echo ' set PATH "$FNM_PATH" $PATH'
echo ' fnm env | source'
echo 'end'
} | tee -a "$CONF_FILE"
elif [ "$CURRENT_SHELL" = "bash" ]; then
if [ "$OS" = "Darwin" ]; then
CONF_FILE=$HOME/.profile
else
CONF_FILE=$HOME/.bashrc
fi
ensure_containing_dir_exists "$CONF_FILE"
echo "Installing for Bash. Appending the following to $CONF_FILE:"
{
echo ''
echo '# fnm'
echo 'FNM_PATH="'"$INSTALL_DIR"'"'
echo 'if [ -d "$FNM_PATH" ]; then'
echo ' export PATH="$FNM_PATH:$PATH"'
echo ' eval "`fnm env`"'
echo 'fi'
} | tee -a "$CONF_FILE"
else
echo "Could not infer shell type. Please set up manually."
exit 1
fi
echo ""
echo "In order to apply the changes, open a new terminal or run the following command:"
echo ""
echo " source $CONF_FILE"
}
parse_args "$@"
set_filename
check_dependencies
download_fnm
if [ "$SKIP_SHELL" != "true" ]; then
setup_shell
fi
- 我们需要注意
download_fnm
步骤,因为地址为github.com
,所以大概率下载会失败,这时就需要我们使用大陆的加速镜像去替换这个,这个请自行百度。
注意事项
- 安装完成后,我们会发现
npm
安装软件包也会出现网络问题,我推荐使用nrm
- 请使用代理安装 nrm
npm install -g nrm --registry=https://registry.npmmirror.com